Many dreams of the American Foreign Policy have come true,
Communist dragon has been slain. The ascendancy, envisioned by the
United States, in political diplomacy and military technology finally
United Sates envisioned a New World Order, on the successful completion
achieved
apex,
when on August 2, 1990 the erstwhile president of the
of “Operation Desert Storm”.
This introduction suggested of a new order in completion of the
world as “Pan American” by the foreign policy pundits of the world.
New World Order is triumph of American Foreign Policy makers.
An almost half a century old struggle “To make world safe for democracy.
EVOLUTION OF NEW WORLD ORDER.
New world Order, in contrast to old world order which had
characteristics of cold war, fraught with militarism and suppression, is
based on collective security. Political convergence, economic co-operation
i.e. free market economy and promotion of human rights. It emerged out
collective security based on conflicting interests, economic conflicts,
ideological dogmatism and polarization.
The assessed promotion of New World Order is that:
1. There must be an increase in the promotion and protection of
human rights.
2. A protection should be given to environment.
3. Arms race and militarism should be controlled.
4. Warfare should be avoided.
5. International institutions like United Nations, IMF and World
Bank should be strengthened, especially the role of United
Nations ought to be legitimized. 6. There should be a development of effective trans-nation democary.
7. Accountability process should be strengthened, even to the
extent of political leaders and to create such environmen
where political leadership could work on behalf of the Glo
8. Hyper nationalism and religious fundamentalism should be
civil society.
curbed or avoided at all cost.
shared leadership, universal solidarity and peace through diplomacy a
Thus to begin with, New World Order reflects the tendency
NEW WORLD ORDER AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR THE
as depicted by Francis Fukuyama’s “Market oriented constitutionalism”.
THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES.
The problems which the American Foreign Policy makers have,
regarding third world countries, are few but threatening in nature. These
issues are:
1. Nuclear proliferation
2. Religious fundamentalism.
3. Ethnic rivalries. 4. Possible Hyper-nationalism.
Many of the third world countries are allied to United States in one
way or other, and US is one of the major aid donors to these countries.
United Sates had exported not only its goods and technology but also its
culture as well (to look like an American is considered as proud
appearance). Yet all these strings have been unable to suppress their
capability to become nuclear power. Though some of the third world
countries have regional threats like Pakistan and North Korea and whereas
some like Iran are in direct conflict with the super power.
American Foreign Policy dream now revolve around possible
nuclear non-proliferation either by voluntarily becoming signatory of NPT
(Non Proliferation Treaty) or to make the third world country become
signatory to NPT through diplomacy with possible pressurizing tactics by
United Nations. It is remarkable to assume that one of the major touch stones which
made to stop the aid process to Pakistan. Pakistan cannot import any
started taking up strong position. For example, Pressler Amendment was
US wants to place in nuclear non-proliferation and for that matter it, has
nuclear reactor not even for electricity purposes. The western countries
releasing F-16’s for which Pakistan has paid in advance, though Brown
have taken an “about turn” in their commitments to Pakistan. They are not
Amendment is likely to produce certain relaxations in the Presslor
Amendment i.e. Pakistan can only import spare parts (only once) which it
needs badly.
In addition, Iran is already suffering from the closed door policy of
west against her.
Apart from this there were positive signs of economic and military
sanctions against North Korea for not opening up her nuclear plants to the
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). As a result North Korea had
Succumbed to the demand of United States and has closed down it nuclear
programme.
Baghdad is facing the same situation. US has tried its level best to
mobilize world opinion for declaring Saddam Hussain the most dangerous
threat to this world after Adolf Hitler.
Observations, regarding implication to the third world countries,
reveal that United States, at the end of the Gulf war, wanted the third
world countries, to perceive that the west was in control and any possible
rebellion would be viewed as direct threat to the security concern. This
world be tackled with strong measures, resulting in humiliating
consequences.
Another possible implication lies in the area of religion especially
religious . fundamentalism. Islamic fundamentalism is considered as a
major threat after the fall of Soviet Union.
This Asia wide religion is considered as fanaticism in the religious
dormitory of the west. It is perceptible that at one end, US wanted to curb
the nations harming the western and American security concerns by
defeating Baghdad. On the other hand they wanted to teach the Islamic
world (perceived by many Americans as the new focus of evil) a vital
lesson that Christian community is dominant in the world affairs and any
threat to Christianity would be targeted high handedly. It is an open secret that west is getting quite conscious of the fact
Islamic fundamental forces are working for the moment to complete
I still have Saddam Hussain. A week later, before the end of “Opere
ascendancy in the Islamic world. It is perhaps the reason why Werbe
Desert Storm” public option was mobilized as to snatch the reins of po
from Saddam Hussain but what was left after him were slate,
fundamentalist, who were likely to pursue policies like Iran. Thus to key
Saddam with his hands tied by sanctions was more appealing
western leadership than an outright fundamentalist.
gradually
Next striking features of the third world countries are ethnie
I rivalries and hyper-nationalism. The third world countries are
of a slogan that moves people and their souls. It is predicted that the nen
coming out of their turtle shells. Nationalism had again acquired the shay
characteristics of civilization. For example Bosinian Muslims. Pakistani
course of conflict would be nationalism submerged with dominant
Muslims and Iranian Muslims.
This nationalism stringed with civilization is again perceived as a
major threat to the western interest.
In this respect Samuel P Huntington in his famous article “Clash of
civilizations” writes that “the most prominent form of this co-operation is
the Confucious-Islamic connection that has emerged to challenge westers
interests, values and power”. He further writes that.
“A central focus of conflict for the immediate future will be between
the west and several Islamic Confucious states”.
Thus it is perceivable that west has become conscious of Islamic
connection and the growing nationalism. The New World Order implies
that these should be kept under constant check.
WHAT DISCOURSE IS TO BE ADOPTED.
Third world countries should realized that the Gulf war taught them
a solid lesson i.e. “do not confront west, unless you have nuclear
weapons”. Nuclear weapons have become a strategic asset which could
undermine all possible western hegemonic ideals. Yet it is advisable that
religious fundamentalism is not only harmful for west but also for the
growth of Democratic Institutions in the third world countries. Whereas
nationalism should not be provoked but identity should be kept distinct. The back drop is that there are certain areas where the third world
build up and develop. Yet there are certain areas where they can adopt
countries should follow the natural dictates of their needs and necessity to
conciliatory attitude towards the western nations. But what required is
successful diplomacy and regional lobbying. A united front at a regional
could a reflective of mutual interest. Which otherwise would be destroyed
level is advisable. Enmities should be cast aside. Islamic Confucians bloc
within bloc had begin to emerge, one such example is Pak-China relations,
by the western policy makers. Recent development reflects that dent
which are
gradually deteriorating.
Further it is also advisable to legitimize the role of United Nations
but not to the extent of surrendering one’s sovereignty.
Conclusion:-
Though, till, now, the main frame work of New World Order has
been abolished. The concept of shared leadership is again restricted to the
Western Europe and the North American continent, and In addition,
United Nations is yet to assert the role envisioned in the New World
Order. But still it is implied that implications developed at the beginning
of the NWO are still there.
There has been constant threat from the Western Europe and US to
bring a change in the policies of the third world countries. Yet generally
New World Order had proved to be a failure. Two years long civil war in
Bosnia, a civil war in Somalia and recently in Rwanda. North Korea and
Pakistan has become nuclear threat whereas India’s enraging as possible
nuclear power, Afghanistan still ravaged by the internal conflict, largely
due to the policies pursued by the Islamic countries themselves, which
does not let that was ravaged nation to bring peace in the regions, Nor UN
has been able to rectify the problem.
There are examples enough to prove that White House has quietly
abandoned their idea of New World Order as against recession in
American market and public defiance to interventionary policies. What
really required by the Islamic countries in order to cast aside the
hegemonic designs of western powers is a United front to counter their
Instead of being submerged in their political motives we should try
to counter them, so that we could preserve our identity as well, which is
not possible unless we resolve the conflicts present among ourselves.