C.S.S, C.S.P. , P.C.S Competitive and other University Examinations
Among the modern sciences all have revealed such wonders of Nature compared with which the wildest fairy-tales look to be sober statements. For example, the science of biology opens before us a world of struggling, evolving, changing animal species which altogether revolutionises our entire outlook on life and man. Geology has given us a view … Read more
We live in two universes, a universe of communication and a universe of things, with which science deals. We are always talking or constantly listening. When no one is around us, we talk to ourselves. Words are the means by which our civilisation is developed and passed on. Our language determines largely the character of … Read more
An education voucher system exists when governments make payments to families that enable their children to enter public or private schools of their choice. The tax funded payments can be made directly to parents or indirectly to the selected schools; their purpose is to increase parental choice, to promote school competition, and to allow low … Read more
According to United Nations Development Programmes UNDP’s Human Development Report of 1996, the adult literacy rate in Pakistan is a nearly 36.4 percent and the gross enrollment ration at all levels in 37 percent (which indicates that the literacy rate is not growing at a reasonable rate). Having this gloomy picture in view, how can … Read more
Knowledge is a true justified belief that is acquired by a method of context and reliability. A subjects belief counts as knowledge when they have good reason to have that belief. Trusting one’s sensory experience is a reliable method for acquiring beliefs in most context. If one trust one’s sensory experience, one will acquire beliefs … Read more
The U.S. will continue to threaten retaliation, including nuclear retaliation to deter aggression against it, and its allies, according to the report. The Pentagon is making it clear that it reserves the right to use the nuclear threat even in the event of conventional attack against its forces, it is pouring cold water over international … Read more
The United States of America was the first modern democracy and the first state erected on the premise that its reason for being was to secure the God-given rights of its citizens. Two hundred and twenty years after the founding of the republic, freedom in America is so firmly rooted as to make one wonder … Read more
So far, the U.S. trade embargo against Iran had been partial, in the sense that the U.S. companies were prevented from marketing Iranian oil directly in the U.S. markets. They were, however, allowed to resell Iranian oil in the world market. In fact, last year, this amounted to buying almost 20 percent Iranian crude oil … Read more
The demands which the U.S. had been making, and which seem to have been met by China, provide in indication of the kind or preventive steps and policing which will be … Read more
The prospects for democracy at the close of the 20th century are perilous. In an increasingly unified world system, it is no longer possible to write about the prospects for democracy except on a world scale. It cannot be a precious entity reserved for the rich First World ghetto of Western Europe and North American. … Read more